Divericulosis
Sutter Davis Hospital Gastroenterology

Definition
Diverticulosis is a condition where small sac-like pouches bulge outward through weak spots in the large bowel (colon). These sacs are called diverticula. The pouches form when muscles of the colon have to work hard to squeeze against increased pressure in the colon. The increased pressure causes the bulges to form at weak spots, such as where there are small blood vessels. Feces (stools) or food that is not broken down may get trapped in the diverticula. This can cause pain in your abdomen (stomach), bleeding, and infection (diverticulitis) The likelihood of developing diverticulosis increases with age.

Causes
It is not known what exactly causes diverticulosis. Increased pressure inside the colon may cause small pouches to form. This often happens due to constipation (dry, hard stool that is difficult to pass). The following may put you at a higher risk of having diverticulosis:

• Diet: Not having enough fiber in your diet may lead to constipation and increased pressure in your colon.
• Increased age: Being over 40 years old increases your risk. The walls of the colon become weak with age and make you more prone to diverticulosis.
• Obesity: Weighing more than what is suggested by your caregiver increases your risk of getting diverticulosis.
• Other diseases: Having a connective tissue disease, such as scleroderma or Marfan's syndrome, may affect your digestive system.

Symptoms
There usually are no signs and symptoms with diverticulosis. If you have symptoms, you may have one or more of the following:

• Constipation
• Feeling bloated.
• Mild cramps

Treatment

• Lifestyle changes:  In most cases of diverticulosis, eating a high fiber diet is the only treatment needed.  With changes such as a high fiber diet, your symptoms may be relieved and serious problems, such as diverticulitis, may be prevented.
• Medications:  Caregivers may suggest stool softeners to help with constipation. Painful abdominal spasms or cramps may be treated with a short course of pain medicines. Fiber and vitamin supplements may also be needed to make sure you are getting the proper nutrition.
• Surgery:  Bleeding from your diverticula may be treated by medicines or surgery. In some cases, surgery may be needed for frequent or painful attacks of diverticulosis.

Where can I find more information?

• National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)
  2 Information Way
  Bethesda, MD20892-3570
  Phone: 1-800-8915389
  www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov

• International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
  P.O. Box 170864
  Milwaukee, WI 53217
  Phone: 1-414-964-1799
  Phone: 1-888-964-2001
  www.iffgd.org